Skip to main content

Java Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)

Java OOPs


Java Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)
One prime characteristic that is constant in the world of software is the change and advancement in software. That change is one of the most critical aspects of software development. Development of new tools and techniques is common for everyday technology users. For software engineers, the most important thing is the maintainability, portability, reusability, integrity, security, and user-friendliness. So to build today’s complex software it is just not enough to put together a sequence of programming statements or procedures. Programmers need to use sound construction techniques and program structures that are easy to figure out implement and modify in a wide variety of situations. This is possible and efficient to use with Object-oriented Programming techniques.
Since the inventions of the computer and programming languages, many approaches have been tried. These includes:
  • Modular Programming
  • Top-down Programming
  • Structured Programming
  • Bottom-up programming
Java is purely under the category of Object-oriented Programming.

Object-Oriented Paradigm

The main objective of the object-oriented technique is to eliminate some flaws encountered in the procedural approach. OOP handles and treats data as a critical element and never allows these data to move freely around the system. It binds data more closely to the functions and protects them from unintentional alteration by other functions.
OOP allows programmers to break down a problem into the number of entities called Objects and then build data and functions around these entities. The combination of data and methods make up an object.
i.e. Object = data + method
Figure – Object Representation:

In the above figure, a circle is an object and it comprises of data and methods where the data is surrounded by methods.

Major Objectives of Object-Oriented Programming

  • The emphasis is on the data rather than the procedures.
  • Methods that operate on data are tied together in a data structure.
  • Programs are divided into small instance called Objects.
  • Data remains hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
  • Objects may communicate with each other through methods.
  • The programs follow the bottom-up approach.
  • New data and methods can be easily added whenever necessary.

Basic Terms and Features that are used and provided by OOP

  • Classes and Objects
  • Data Abstraction
  • Data encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
  • Dynamic Binding

Advantages of OOP

  • Code recycle and reuse.
  • Wrapping up of data into a single unit.
  • Easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.
  • Message passing technique between objects for communication makes interface description with external systems much simpler.
  • Software Complexity can be easily handled and managed.
  • Possible to map objects in a problem domain within a program.
  • Data hiding is possible.
  • Use of inheritance can eliminate redundant codes in a program.

Comments

For Programs Click Here

Popular posts from this blog

Syllabus

Syllabus  C Programming Tutorials C Tutorial C Introduction History of C Programming Language C Installation C Program Structure C Input and Output (I/O) C Format Specifiers Declaration & Assignments C Tokens C Identifiers C Keywords C Constants C Operators C Data Types C Variables C Preprocessors C Type Casting C Custom Header File Flow Control C Decision Making C if Statements C if-else Statements C Nested if-else Statements C else-if Statements C goto Statement C switch Statements C Loops C while loops C do while loops C for loops Functions C Functions C Function Arguments C Library Functions C Variable Scope Arrays & Strings C Arrays C Strings Pointers C Pointers C Dynamic Memory Allocation Structure & Union C Structures C Unions File I/O C File Handling C fopen C fclose C getc C putc C getw C putw C fprintf C fscanf C fgets C fputs C feof                                     ...

C++ Constructors and Destructors

C++ Constructors and Destructors Providing the initial value as described in the earlier chapters of C++ does not conform to the philosophy of C++. So C++ provides a special member function called the constructor which enables an object to initialize itself at the time of its creation. This is known as automatic initialization of objects. This concept of C++ also provides another member function called destructor which is used to destroy the objects when they are no longer required. In this chapter, you will learn about how constructors and destructors work, types of constructors and how they can be implemented within C++ program. What are constructors? The process of creating and deleting objects in C++ is vital task. Each time an instance of a class is created the constructor method is called. Constructors is a special member functions of class and it is used to initialize the objects of its class. It is treated as a special member function because its name is the same as the cla...

C if-else Statements

Flow Control C if-else Statements If else statements in C is also used to control the program flow based on some condition, only the difference is: it’s used to execute some statement code block if expression is evaluated to true, otherwise executes else statement code block. The basic format of if else statement is: Syntax: if ( test_expression ) { //execute your code } else { //execute your code } Figure – Flowchart of if else Statement: Example of a C Program to Demonstrate if else Statement  Example: #include <stdio.h> main () { int a , b ; printf ( "Please enter the value for a:" ); scanf ( "%d" , & amp ; a ); printf ( "\nPlease the value for b:" ); scanf ( "%d" , & amp ; b ); if ( a & gt ; b ) {    printf ( "\n a is greater" ); } else {    printf ( "\n b is greater" ); } } Program Output: Example: #include <stdio.h> main () { int num ; printf ( ...