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Java Object and Classes

Java Object and Classes
This lesson mainly focused on Java object and class and describes the features of Java object-oriented programming
.Java has following OOPS features:
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
  • Abstraction
  • Classes
  • Objects
  • Instance
  • Method
  • Message Parsing
In this lesson our major focus on Objects and Classes.

What is Object?

In real-world an entity that has state and its behavior is known as an object.
For Example:
  • A Car is an object. It has states (name, color, model) and its behavior (changing gear, applying brakes).
  • A Pen is an object. Its name is Parker, color is silver etc. known as its state. It is used to write, so writing is its behavior.
In real-world object and software object have conceptually similar characteristics. In terms of object-oriented programming, software objects also have a state and behavior.

What is a class?

  • A class is a template or blueprint that is used to create objects.
  • Class representation of objects and the sets of operations that can be applied to such objects.
  • A class consists of Data members and methods.
The primary purpose of a class is to hold data/information. This is achieved with attributes which are also known as data members.
The member functions determine the behavior of the class i.e. provide a definition for supporting various operations on data held in form of an object.

Defining a Class in Java

Syntax:
public class class_name
{
    Data Members;
    Methods;
}
Example:
public class Car
{
    public:
    double color; // Color of a car
    double model; // Model of a car
}
  • Private, Protected, Public is called visibility labels.
  • The members that are declared private can be accessed only from within the class.
  • Public members can be accessed from outside the class also.

Class Members

Data and functions are members.
Data Members and methods must be declared within the class definition.
Example:
public class Cube
{
    int length; // length is a data member of class Cube
    int breadth; // breadth is a data member of class Cube
    int length ; // Error redefinition of length 
}
  • A member cannot be redeclared within a class.
  • No member can be added elsewhere other than in the class definition.
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